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.44 Special
The .44 Special or .44 S&W Special is a smokeless powder center fire metallic cartridge developed by Smith & Wesson in 1907 as the standard chambering for their New Century revolver, introduced in 1908.〔Hawks, C. ("The .44 S&W Special" ) Chuck Hawks website. Accessed February 25, 2008.〕
==Development history==
In the late 19th Century American frontier, large .44- and .45-caliber cartridges were considered the epitome of handgun ammunition for self-protection and hunting. Black-powder rounds such as the .44 American, .44 Russian, .44-40 Winchester, and .45 Colt enjoyed a well-earned reputation for effective terminal ballistics, accuracy, and reliability.〔Taffin, J. ("Sixguns Beyond The .44 Magnum" ) Sixguns.com Web site. Accessed February 25, 2008.〕
With the dawn of the 20th Century, Smith & Wesson decided to celebrate by introducing a brand new revolver design which they called the New Century.〔Taffin, J. ("The .44 special cartridge of the century? Accurate, powerful and reliable, the .44 special really is special" ) American Handgunner, September–Oct, 2004. Accessed February 25, 2008.〕
Smith & Wesson wished to pair their new revolver design with a worthy new ammunition chambering.〔 At the time, state of the art in ammunition technology was smokeless powder. Older black-powder ammunition was in the process of being converted to smokeless. Smith & Wesson's popular .44 Russian cartridge had established a reputation for superb accuracy and was a renowned target load, and they decided to use an improved smokeless powder version as the basis for the new round. Due to the lower energy density of the early semi-smokeless powders, prior efforts to convert the .44 Russian to smokeless had produced less than stellar ballistic performance. Smith & Wesson addressed this issue by lengthening the .44 Russian cartridge case design by , increasing the powder capacity by .〔(".44 S&W Russian" ) GMDR website. Accessed February 25, 2008.〕 The resulting design, which S&W called the .44 Special, had a case length of .〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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